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Headley Down is a village within the civil parish of Headley in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England surrounded on two sides by Ludshott Common, a National Trust heathland reserve. The village began with a few buildings in the 1870s and became a thriving community that in the 20th century outgrew the parish centre of Headley. Headley Down is south west of London and east of Headley village centre. Nearby are the villages of Grayshott to the east and Churt to the north. ==History== The area was called Headley Down on maps as early as 1801, and from about the 1870s houses began to be built by people wishing to live or holiday in the healthy environment for which the Hindhead area was notable. It was also described as Headley Common on a map (of about 1868) of the large Wishanger Manor Estate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hantsphere heritage in place - Wishanger Manor Estate )〕 The side-roads in Headley Down were laid out in a grid system at least as early as 1909,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Old Maps of Headley Down (reference HOSM48074) - Francis Frith )〕 rather than radiating out from a central point such as a church. The Land of Nod estate predates Headley Down, possibly established in the early 18th century; an owner of the estate believed its name derived from an earlier incumbent by the name of Cane or Keyne, an excommunicant, and is a reference to the biblical story of Cain's banishment. The estate lies mainly to the north of the village.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Headley's past in pictures (Hantsphere heritage in place) )〕 Kelly's Directory of 1895 lists J Henry Christian as a private resident of the Land of Nod. Headley Down was formally named in March 1923 when the Post Office proclaimed that "the official name of the Telephone Call Office which has been established on Stone Hill will be Headley Down". A temporary wooden building in Carlton Road erected in the 1960s housed the Post Office, where it remained until incorporated into Whittle's store (subsequently Londis) in Eddeys Lane.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hantsphere heritage in place )〕 During the Second World War the area was home to several camps for Canadian soldiers. Erie camp was a military detention centre and was built on the Land of Nod estate owned by Major L Whitaker; it was designated by the War Office as a "Military Prison and Detention Barracks" from at least 1946 to 1948.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/Details?uri=C6290994 )〕 The camp was subsequently occupied by civilians and gradually replaced by an estate of 350 houses and named Heatherlands. The estate was completed by 1977. Superior Camp, southeast of Ludshott Common, housed Canadian infantry and armoured units which exercised in the area from 1941 until D-Day.〔(BBC WW2 People's War )〕 After the war, civilians were housed there temporarily. Under the ownership of the National Trust, it was eventually completely demolished and allowed to return to its natural state. From early April 1944, 107 Regiment (King's Own) Royal Armoured Corps trained with Churchill tanks on Headley Down in preparation for the invasion of Normandy. In the 1950s Alfred Whittle opened a general store, butcher's and coal merchant in Eddeys Lane〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exploring Headley )〕 to accommodate Headley Down's increasing post-war population. The store and post office closed in 2015 after 65 years' service to the village. "Penryn" was a home for children, mainly from London, in the post-war period until the 1980s when it was replaced by private housing, now called Penryn Drive.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.headley-village.com/pump/ )〕 Most side-roads in Headley Down remained unpaved until the 1960s when there was a considerable increase in permanent housing in addition to replacing or upgrading the numerous temporary holiday homes. Some roads remained unpaved well into the 2000s. Heatherlands estate houses approximately one fifth of the Headley parish population. In 2006, Heatherlands/Headley Down was considered to be the most deprived ward in East Hampshire. EHDC expressed the view that Headley's Parish Plan was not sufficiently inclusive of the whole parish. The Parish Council set out to explore ways to improve social inclusion and in 2007 produced a report with recommendations for action.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Headley Parish Plan - Social inclusion (2007) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Headley Down」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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